10th Extension of British rule in India
I. Fill in the blanks:
1. At the end of First Anglo-Maratha war, Salbai agreement was entered between Marathas and British.
2. Subsidiary Alliance system was implemented by Lord Wellesley
3. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was implemented in year 1848.
4. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was implemented by Lord Dalhousie.
II. Discuss in group and then answer the following:
1. Explain the reasons for First Anglo-Maratha War
Ans: a) The Marathas instilled Sha Alam-II back on the throne of Mughal Empire in Delhi.
b) Sha Alam-II was under the care British after the defeat in Buxar war.
c) Emperor gave Kora and Allahabad to Marathas, which he had earlier given them to the British.
d) This resulted in the enmity between Marathas and the British.
e) During this period, the death of Maratha strong man Madhav Rao Peshwa was a major setback to Marathas.
f) Though, his brother Narayanrao came to power, he was murdered by his uncle Raghobha (Ragunatha Rao).
g) This resulted in the infighting for the Peshwa post and Maratha federation made MadhavRao II as Peshwa.
h) Upset with this development, Raghobha approached the British for support.
i) The British thought of exploiting this situation in their favor.
j) Initially, Marathas gained upper hand, later they had to lose Allahabad to the British.
k) The Maratha federation unable to sustain the war with the British finally entered ‘Salbai Agreement’ and ended the war.
2. What were the conditions under Subsidiary Alliance? Explain.
Ans: a) The Indian King had to keep the British Army in his kingdom.
b) The Indian kingdom had to bear the expenses of the army and the wages of soldiers.
c) The King has to have a British Resident in his Court.
d) The King could not appoint any other European without the permission of the British.
e) In order to enter any agreement or pact with any other Indian Government, the permission of Governor General was mandatory.
f) In return of all these services, the Company would offer protection to the state from any internal or external aggression.
g) The British could place Indian state under their control through this policy and the maintenance of the army became easy.
3. Explain the Third Anglo Maratha War.
Ans: Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1818):
a) The Maratha families tried their best to protect their independence and honor.
b) Peshwa attempted to free himself from clutches of the Company.
c) Peshwa attacked British Residency in Poona and brunt it down.
d) Appa Saheb of Nagapur and Malhar Rao Holkar rebelled against the British and were suppressed ruthlessly.
e) Peshwa Baji Rao II fought against the British at Koregaon and later surrendered to the British.
f) The British abolished the Peshwa post and granted a pension to Baji Rao
g) British installed Pratapa simha, a descendant of Shivaji as the ruler of Satara, and named him the traditional leader of Marathas and suppressed the Maratha resistance.
4. How did Doctrine of Lapse support British expansion in India?
Ans: Dalhousie adopted Doctrine of Lapse policy whereby the adopted children of Indian Kings were refused of their right to throne. According to this policy, “If any Indian ruler dies without children, their adopted children had no legal right over the throne”. And such state gets merged with the British Empire. Princely states like Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi and Jaipur came under this policy.
5. Which were the states that came under Doctrine of Lapse?
Ans: Princely states like Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi and Jaipur came under the Doctrine of Lapse policy.
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