10th Social Notes (Rural Development)

 10^th Rural Development

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

1. The true development of India is the development of its villages. This was told by Mahatma Gandhi. 

2. After the 73rd Amendment to the Constitution Village, Taluk, and district levels of panchayat institutions have come into existence. 

3. Panchayat institutions operate under Democratic principles. 

4. The Self-help groups of women have been brought into existence in order to bring together poor rural women and make them financially independent.

II. Answer in a sentence each:

1. Explain the meaning of ‘Rural Development’.

Ans: Rural development refers to a process of economic and social upliftment of rural areas. It may be defined as the overall development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural people.

 

2. What is meant by decentralization?

Ans: Providing administrative power and the responsibility of developing the village to people themselves is called decentralization.

 

3. Name the three levels of panchayat raj institutions.
Ans: a) Village Panchayat.

b) Taluk Panchayat

c) District Panchayat

 

4. Mention any two housing programs.
Ans: a) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

b) Ambedkar – Valmiki Housing programme

c) Ashraya Yojana etc are also implemented to provide shelter to the shelterless people.

 

III. Answer the following questions in five to six sentences each:

1. How is the economic situation in the rural areas of India?
Ans: a) The rural areas are scenes of deprivation and backwardness as nearly one-third of rural population lives in abject poverty.

b) The development of programmes and plans have failed to improve the socio-economic conditions of rural areas.

c) The rural industries which were already declined.

d) With agriculture being non-remunerative and employment not being regular.

e) Rural people continued to migrate to cities.

f) The rural people who depend mainly in agriculture.

g) Though 60% of the people work in the primary sector.

h) The contribution from this sector to the national income is very less, and is declining over the years.

i) Due to this, the gap between urban and rural areas is widening.

 

2. Explain briefly the significance of rural development.

Ans: Since rural development includes agricultural & non-agricultural development it contributes not only to rural but also to the overall development of the country.

Increased farm incomes will create greater demand for industrial products and services, thereby generating additional employment and leading to an expansion of those sectors also. With increased literacy and skill levels higher productivity could be achieved. Better health also results in higher work participation by the people and increased output. Agro-processing, small scale and cottage industries will develop leading to gradual transformation of the villages. With this, migration to cities will be reduced. All these contribute toward reduction of poverty.

 

3. Explain. Gandhiji’s concept of ‘grama swarajya’ in the light of decentralization.
Ans: a) Providing administrative power and the responsibility of developing the village to people themselves is called decentralization.

b) It is a process through which power-sharing occurs and people participate in decision making.

c) It is also aims at planning and development from lower levels.

d) This process was called “Grama Swarajya” by Mahatma Gandhi.

e) Decentralization reduces various kinds of exploitation, upholds human independence and dignity, and nurtured human values like compassion and co-operation.

 

4. What is the role of Panchayat raj institutions in rural development?
Ans: a) Panchayat raj institutions play key role in enabling hte rural people to participate in rural development.

b) They are responsible for implementing various schemes related to poverty alleviation and livelihood security.

c) They provide the rural community with basic facilities of roads, drains, drinking water, street lights, toilets, school and hospital buildings, market-yards etc.

d) Through the encouragement of primary and middle school education, adult education, technical and vocational training.

e) Expansion of health and hygiene facilities, panchayats have also attempted to develop human resources.

f) All developmental schemes are decided in the gram sabha itself,

g) Housing programmes like “Pradhana Mantri Awas Yojana’, “Ambedkar-Valmiki Housing Programme’, ‘Ashraya Yojana’ etc

h) The public distribution system in villages is strengthened and poor people are provided with essential food grains.

i) Social welfare programmes

j) All the self-help groups of women can be brought together, and proper encouragement.

k) Social and cultural activities can be encouraged through the celebration of village fairs and festivals.

l) Generating mployment opportunities.

j) Improving Rural and cottage industries.