10th Advent Of Europeans to India
SSLC Classwork and Notes
I. Complete the following blanks with suitable answers:
1. In 1453, the Ottoman Turks occupied Constantinople city.
2. The sea route between India and Europe was discovered by Vasco-da Gama.
3. The capital of French in India was Pondicherry.
4. In 1757, Robert Clive declared Plassey war over Siraj-ud-Daula.
5. The Dewani rights over Bengal were handed over to British by Shah Alam-II.
6. The dual government policy was implemented by Robert Clive in Bengal.
II. Discuss in a group and answer the following Questions:
1. How did trade take place between India and Europe during the middle ages?
Ans: a) The Arab merchants carried the Asian Merchandise into Constantinople of Eastern Roman (Byzantium) Empire.
b) Italian merchants would buy these goods and then sell in European countries.
c) There was a great demand for Indian spices like pepper, cardamom, Ginger and many other spices in Europe.
d) Like this, Constantinople became center of international business and considered as the ‘Gate of European Trade’.
e) While Arab merchants had gained a monopoly over the trade in Europe, the merchandise from Asia had brought good profits to Italian merchants.
2. Discuss the reasons that resulted in discovery of sea route to India?
Ans: a) The trade & commerce between Asia and Europe were taking place through the city of Constantinople.
b) In 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured the city of Constantinople.
c) As a result all the trade routes connecting the city of Constantinople came under the control of Turks.
d) The Turks started levying too many taxes on the goods passing through these routes.
e) As a result, the merchants felt that the trade was not profitable. f) Meanwhile, Spain and Portugal were attempting to break the monopoly of Italian traders.
g) They started encouraging sailors to find a sea route to India.
h) Invention of Compass, Astrolabes, and Gunpowder provided further impetus to this venture.
3. Make a list of the Europeans who arrived at India to do business?
Ans: Portuguese: Portuguese were the first to arrive at India for the trade and were also the last to leave India on the sea route.
Dutch: Dutch are from Holland or Netherlands. They established United East India Company in 1602 with the aim of doing business with eastern countries and entered countries like India, Java, Sumatra, Indonesia and Spices rich islands.
English: In 1600, December 31, Queen Elizabeth issued a royal charter authorizing East India Company to trade with Eastern Countries for fifteen years.
French: French East India Company started as a government-owned
company in 1664. It started its first factory in Surat in the year 1668.
4. Explain the Second Carnatic War?
Ans: a) French made Salabath Jung, another son of AsafJha as Nizam of Hyderabad.
b) French placed officer Bussi in Hyderabad for his protection.
c) In Carnatic Chandsaheb became Nawab with the help of French.
d) Robert Clive of East India Company attacked Arcot, the capital city of Carnatic and defeated Chandsaheb.
e) Chandsaheb was imprisoned and later killed in this war.
f) In the place of Chandsaheb, English named Mahammad Ali, the son of Anwaruddin, as Nawab of Carnatic.
g) The second Carnatic war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry.
h) French recalled Dupleix.
5. State the reasons and results of Plassey war?
Reasons:
a) Misuse of Dastakaths: Siraj-ud-Daula was furious that Dastakaths were misused by the officials of the company thus incurring losses to the government treasury.
b) Mending of the fort without permission: The British repaired the fort of Calcutta and placed canons on them. This further angered Siraj- ud-Daula and he ordered the removal of canons from the court. The British refused to do this angering the Nawab further.
c) Black Room Tragedy: Siraj-ud-Daula conquered the Fort William and imprisoned some of the British. He imprisoned 146 Englishmen in a small room in fort, of which 123 died. This is called as Black Room Tragedy. This enraged Robert Clive & he arrived in Bengal with a large army.
Outcomes:
a) This war brought out the immorality, lack of unity among the Indians and the greed of Indian businessmen.
b) Mir Jaffar became the Nawab of Bengal.
c) The company gained exclusive rights to do business in Bengal.
d) Mir Jaffar had to pay rupees seventeen crore seventy lakh as a relief to Sirja-udDaula’s attack on the Fort William.
e) The British projected Mir Jaffar as an ineffcient Nawab and brought in his nephew Mir Qasim as the new Nawab.
6. What were the results of the Battle of Buxar?
Ans: a) The combined forces of Mir Qasim faced the British army led by Hector Munro at Buxar in 1764.
b) Mir Qasim got defeated & ran from the battlefield & Sha Alam-II surrendered.
c) The efforts of the combined forces to stop the British failed.
Outcomes:
a) Sha Alam-II accorded the Dewani rights over Bengal to the British.
b) Sha Alam-II gave away all the rights over Bengal to the British for an annual fee of rupees 26 lakhs.
c) The Nawab of Awadh had to give away a fine of rupees 50 lakh for waging war against the company.
d) With the death of Mir Jaffar, the company paid pension to his son and took over the entire administration of Bengal.
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