Galileo
I Answer the questions your teacher will ask you.
a.Name some heavenly bodies.
Answer:Stars, Planets, Meteors, Asteroids.
b.What is astronomy?
Answer:Astronomy is the science of stars, planets and the universe.
c.Name an Indian astronomer.
Answer:Aryabhatta.
d.What is a planetarium? There is one in Karnataka.
Where is it?
Answer:A Planetarium is a building in which images of stars, planets, and
constellations are projected on to a domed ceiling. Yes, there is a Planetarium
in Bangalore. The Jawaharlal Nehru Planetarium.
e.What instrument do astronomers use?
Answer:Telescope.
II. Some sentences given below are NOT TRUE. Correct them and write them down, Discuss the points with your partner.
- Learned
men have always believed that the earth moved round the sun – Not true
Learned men believed that the earth was fixed in space and the sun and all other heavenly bodies went round it. - The first telescope ever made was invented by Lippershey – True
- Galileo thought a telescope would help him in his studies – True
- Galileo watched the heavenly bodies in the clear night sky – True
- The people of Venice also turned the “Looking Tube” towards the night sky – Not true
- Galileo went on improving his telescopes – True
- Copernicus had already said what Galileo was saying – True
- The Church set Galileo free because it finally agreed with his ideas – Not True
III. Talk to your partner about the points raised in these questions and then write down what you said.
a.How is our knowledge about the earth
different from the knowledge of people, even learned men, some 400 years ago?
Answer:It is common knowledge today that the earth is a planet revolving round
the sun. But there was a time not many centuries ago, when even learned men
believed that the earth was fixed in space and the sun and all other heavenly
bodies went round it.
b.Who corrected people’s thinking about our
earth in the 17th century?
Answer:Galileo Galilei corrected peoples thinking about our earth in the 17th
century.
c.What is Lippershey’s contribution to
astronomy?
Answer:Lippershey invented the telescope, the instrument with which astronomers
watch the skies. The telescope makes distant objects appear to be near and
magnified several times over.
d.What is the Milky Way?
Answer:The milky way is the broad white band of light seen across the sky at
night and contains millions and millions of faint stars.
e.In what ways is the moon similar to the
earth?
Answer:On the moon’s surface, which seems so smooth has high mountains and deep
val-leys like those on the earth.
f.Why was Galileo appointed professor at the
University of Padua?
Answer:The people of Venice saw ships fifty miles away appearing to be only
fifteen miles off! When the telescope was shown to the ruler of Venice, he was
greatly pleased with the invention and appointed Galileo as a professor for
life at the University of Padua.
g.What were the two important discoveries
Galileo made with his much-improved telescope?
Answer:With his much-improved telescope Galileo found that the planet Jupiter had
little moons that revolved round it and found that the sun had spots upon it
and that the spots slowly moved across its face. He found from this that the
sun, like the earth, spins round itself.
h.Who had made discoveries similar to Galileo’s
in the 16th century?
Answer:Copernicus, a Polish astronomer had made discoveries similar to Galileo
in the 16 th century.
i.What trouble did Galileo bring upon himself
by telling truths about the heavenly bodies?
Answer:Galileo’s new teaching caused great excitement among the learned men,
because it meant that all their own teaching was completely wrong. They began
to oppose him and many of them became his enemies. Then he got into trouble
with the church.
j.What is the humorous story about Galileo
facing the Inquisition?
Answer:Galileo knelt and declared that he no longer believed that the earth
moved round the sun. As he rose from his knees, he whispered to himself, “But
still it does move”
IV. Rewrite the first sentence of paragraph 2 in three sentences.
- A man called Lippershev, a native of Holland, invented the telescope.
- He invented the telescope in the year 1608
- The telescope makes distant objects appear to be near and magnified several times over.
Rewrite this sentence in two sentences. (Each
sentence must have seven words)
Galileo’s was the first telescope that was ever turned towards the stars.
- Galileo first turned his telescope towards the stars.
- No one invented the telescope before him.
V. Re-order the jumbled words to make a sentence:
Seventeen words are given below. For the last
two words only clues are given. Make a sentence using these words.
earth / but / include / trip / on / expensive / does / free / the / Living / is
/ it / a / around / sun / every / year.
Answer:Living on earth is expensive but it does include a free trip around the sun every year.
b. Read your sentence to your partner
c.What does the word it refer to?
Answer:‘It’ refers to living on the earth.
d.Which word in your sentence should you
emphasize? Read the sentence again stressing this word.
Answer:Free trips every year around the sun.
e.Did you get the joke? How many “free trips”
have you made so far?
Answer:As many trips as my age.
VI. When you say the following words you stress the third syllable from the end.
as.’ tron. o. my;
as.’ troi. o. gy;
bi.’ ol. gy;
ge.’ ol. o. gy;
phi.’ los. o. phy;
de.’ mo. gra. phy;
phys. i.o.’ ther. a. py;
dem. ‘o. era. cy;
ar. is. ‘to. car. cy;
plu. ‘to. era. cy
Do not stress the consonant sound in the syllable. Stress the vowel sound. Prac¬tise saying the words.
VII. Word Formation – with suffixes – er and – ist.
Now say the words for the scientists – Stress
the third syllable from the end.
Example: astronomy – astronomer;
Say the words for the persons who believe in the systems. Stress the first
syllable.
Example:
- democracy – democrat;
- Auto crazy – Autocrat
- Sociology – Socialist
- Meteorology – Meteorologist
- Psychology – Psychologist
VIII. Writing – Write a paragraph on “The Telescope” using the ideas in the text.
Telescope is a device which makes distant objects appear to be near and magni-fied several times over. In 1608 Lippershey invented the telescope when Galileo heard about this, he set to work on making a tele j scope for himself and succeeded in making j a better one.
He was the first man to turn the telescope towards the sky. Astronomers watch the skies with the telescope. Using his telescope which bought objects thirty times nearer, Galileo made important discoveries about the heavenly bodies.
IX a. Fill in the blanks.
Think of the names of some scientists and their inventions. We praise and honour scientists because their inventions are useful to us. But sometimes a scientist may face a truth about nature that nuy not be liked by some people.
This is because of our ignorance and prejudice. In olden days scientists even got into trouble for finding out truths. Galileo was an Italian astronomer. He got into trouble for telling some truths about the heavenly bodies.
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