Class 8 Rise of Jainism and Buddhism
I. Complete the following sentences by using suitable words:
1. The first Jain Tirthankara was Rishabhanatha
2. Vardhamana was born at Vaishali (Kundaligrama)
3. Mahaveera attained Enlightenment in his 42nd year
4. Mahaveera attained Nirvana at Pavapuri in his 72nd years
5. The original name of Gautama Buddha was Siddhartha
6. Buddha delivered his first sermon at Saranatha
7. The first sermon of Buddha is called Dharma Chakra Pravarthana
II. Answer the following questions in brief:
1. Write in detail about Mahaveera’s life.
Ans: a) Vardhman was born in Kundala grama village in Vaishali.
b) His father was Siddhartha, the king of the Gantrika tribe. c) His mother was Trishaladevi.
d) Vardhamana was married to Yashodhara, at the age of 30. e) Vardhamanas set out in search of truth and renounced his family and house.
f) He punished his body by fasting.
g) At the age of 42 he got enlightened and known as ‘Mahaveera’ and became a Jina.
h) He spent 30 years in preaching his knowledge to the people around Ganga and Yamuna rivers.
i) He attained nirvana in his 72nd year in Pavapuri of Bihar.
2. What is Tirtanas?
Ans: Mahaveera taught five vows and three principles of behavior. The latter
are called tirtanas are samyaksyan, Samyak dharshan, Samya chavitha.
3. Name the sects among the Jains.
Ans: Swethambars and Digambars are the two sects of Jains. Those wear white
clothes are called swethambars, whereas those who do not wear any clothes are called
Digambars.
4. What is the middle path?
Ans: Buddha preached the Eight Fold Path for eliminating desires. The adoption
of these paths is called the Middle Path. The Eight-Fold Paths are as follows.
Right-Action, Speech, Vision, Livelihood, Effort, Recollection, Resolve,
Thought.
5. Who were the people influenced by the new
religions?
Ans: Many wealthy merchants, artisans, and common people were inspired by the
teachings of Buddha. The people of the cities attracted by the teachings of
Buddha and he became a ray of hope in the changed circumstances. The simple
principles taught by Buddha took on a new role of transforming the lives of
people. Many kings like Ashoka, Kanishka, and others made Buddhism as the
Religion of state and worked for its spread.
6. Write a not on the Tripitikas.
Ans: After Buddha’s death, his followers collected his teachings and traditions
in the form of Tripitikas. These are Vinaya, Dharma, and Abhidhamma pikas. Over
a period of time, disagreements developed in the teachings and different
branched of Himayana, Mohayan, Vajrayana and there are sutras that came into
being Buddhism sprang up.
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