Freedom Movement
1. The Indian National Congress
was found in the year 1885
2. The Drain Theory was forwarded by Dadabai Navoroji.
3. Swarajya is my birth right was declared by Bal Gangadhar
Tilak.
4. Bala Gangadhar Tilak published
Kesari newspaper in Marathi.
5. A secret organization by name ‘Abhinava
Bharathi’ belonged Revolutionaries
II. Choose
the right option and fill in the blanks:
1. The founder of Indian National Congress is A.
O. Hume
a) Mahatma Gandhiji
b) A.O. Hume
c) Balagandhar Tilak
d) Gopala Krishna Gokhale
2. ‘Maratha’ paper was published by Bal
Gangadhar Tilak
a) Jawahara Lai Nehru
b) Ras Bihari Bose
c) Balagandhara Tilak
d) V.D.Saavarkar
3. Muslim League was founded in 1906
a)1924
1922
1929
1906
4. The Viceroy who implemented the Bengal division
was Lord Curzon
a) Lord Cornwallis
b)Dalhousie
c) Lord Curzon
d)Robert Clive
III. Discuss in a group and answer the following:
1. Which were the organizations that were present
before the founding of the Indian National Congress?
Ans: The Hindu Mela, the East Indian Association,
Poona Public Sabha, and the Indian Association.
2. What were the demands of Moderates placed in
front of the British?
Ans: The demands put forward before the British by
the moderates were:
Development of Industries in India,
Reduction of military expenses in the British
army.
Improvement in the educational standard.
Forcing the British Government to take up studies
about poverty in the country.
3. Explain the Drain Theory.
Ans: Moderates were the first to study the ill
effects of British rule on India. They explained the drain of resources of
India into England through scientific statistics and called it ‘Drain Theory’.
By increasing the import and reducing the export, the British facilitated the
draining out of precious Indian resources into India. Just like Dadabai
Navoroji, R.C. Datta too published books explaining the draining of Indian
resources into England.
4. Name the revolutionaries of the Indian
Independence Movement.
Ans: Aurobindo Gosh, V. D. Saavarakar, Ashwini
Kumar Datta, Rajanarayana Bose, Rajguru, Chakikar brothers, Vishnu
Shastri, Champukar, Shyamaji Krishnaverma, Ras
Bihari Gosh, Madam Cama, Kudiram Bose, Ramprasad Bismil, Ashvakulla Khan,
Bagath Singh, Chandrashekar Azad, Jatin Das are more prominent among the
revolutionaries of Indian Independence Movement.
5. Discuss the role of Balagangadhar Tilak in the
Indian Independence Movement.
Ans: Bala Gangadhar Tilak was one of the members
of the Radical group. The aim of the Radical group was an
Independent India. Bala Gangadhar Tilak started
preparing the common people for freedom struggle. He declared “Swaraj is My
Birth Right and I will get it back”. Through religious functions like Shivaji
Jayanti, Ganesh festival he started organizing people for the freedom movement.
He published ‘Kesari’ in Marathi and ‘Maratha’ in English news paper and used
them as weapons to criticize the British administration. He called the people
for the active participation in the freedom struggle. Thus Tilak played an
important role in the freedom struggle.
6. What were the reasons for the withdrawal of the
Bengal Division?
Ans: The division of Bengal in 1905 was opposed by
the Indian National Congress. Still, the Bengali language could unite the Hindu
and Muslim communities. Raksha Bandhan, a Cultural festival was held to bring
in unity among Hindus and Muslims. The division of Bengal resulted in
widespread protection across the country. The radicals took the issue to the
doorsteps of common people. They called for boycotting of foreign goods and the
institutions that encourage it. Indians were encouraged to use local goods. The
British government withdrew the Bengal division order in 1911.
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