10th Standard Social The Political Developments of 20th Century

 

The Political Developments of 20th Century

 

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The Communist Government in Russia was founded by Lenin.

2. The First World War ended in 1918.

3. The Fascist dictator was Mussolini.

4. The Second World War started in 1939.

5. Japan attacked Pearl Harbour which was the Naval base of USA.

 

II. Discuss in groups and answer the following questions :

1. Explain the role of Lenin in Russian Revolution.

Ans: a) Japan defeated Russia in 1905, it was a great insult to the people of Russia. It was due to the bad administration of the Tsars.

b) The people started rebellions against the Tsars. Thousands of factory workers and peasants fought with weapons.

c) At this juncture, Lenin, the leader of the Bolshevik Labour Party guided the workers and peasant in the revolution against the Tsars.

d) The working class engaged in more and more agitations. The last Russian Tsar Nicholas II was unable to control the agitations and deserted the country.

e) As a result, the Menshevik party gained the power in Russia.

f) Lenin who was in exile came back to his country. He assured the people a good government. The people responded wholeheartedly to this.

g) He declared Russia the Socialist Republic in 1917. He later became the President of Russia.

 

2. Discuss the immediate causes of the First World War.

Ans: World War I took place between 1914 to 1918. The immediate cause of the war was the assassination of the Austrian prince. Archduke Franz Ferdinand on 28th July 1914. This incident, caused an immediate war between the two groups Triple Entente and Triple Alliance.

 

3. How did Nazism destroy Germany? Explain.

Ans: a) Hitler declared that the Nazi party as the only party of Germany.

b) He instilled fear of Jewish people among Germans by spreading false rumors that they are going to dominate the world.

c) He put forward the supremacy of German race theory and nurtured ultra-nationalism carefully.

d) Hitler utilized Nazism to inculcate these values among the Germans.

e) Nazism advocated that Germans are the superior race of the world and they are the only fit to rule the world.

f) Gobbels’ was appointed to spread the theory of Nazism A cruel army named ‘Brown Shirts’ was formed for this purpose.

g) In 1935. Hitler implemented the ‘Nuremberg Laws’.

h) According to one estimate, six million Jews were killed and one million others were also killed.

 

4. What were the reasons for the Second World War?

Ans: The causes for World War II were :

a) The ambition of Hitler was to win entire world & popularize the Aryan race.

b) The Versailles Treaty imposed a heavy loss on Germany. Germany lost most of its areas to allied nations. Economically, Germany was destroyed.

c) Among the defeated countries in World War I feelings of shame and humiliation gave rise to aggressive nationalism.

d) The compensation for the loss in the war and other decisions that were heaped on Germany affected the people adversely. Unemployment, poverty led to the widespread agony.

e) At this juncture, Hitler took the power of Germany. His main ambition was to take revenge on the allied nations.

f) He employed his dictatorial power for mass massacres in Germany.

g) The immediate cause for World War II was Hitler’s attack on Poland, which was an ally of Britain.

 

5. What is Cold War?

Ans: After World War II, the constant fear, hatred, jealousy and anxiety in political, economic, military and other affairs between the two global powers is called ‘Cold War’.

 

6. What were the effects of Chinese Revolution?

Ans: The effects of Chinese Revolution were:

a) Mao-Tse-Tung became the President of China. During his rule community farming was adopted.

b) People enjoyed free education, health and sports facilities.

c) A lot of importance was given to science and technology in order to achieve industrial development.

d) The “Leap Forward” project was adopted.

e) Private property was converted to the property of society.

 

7. How did the USA come out of its Great Economic Depression?

Ans: In 1929 economic development in America stagnated. As a result industrial and agricultural production collapsed. Besides mining, shipbuilding, production of consumer goods suffered a lot. The economic crisis was witness to political changes. Under such economic conditions, Roosevelt, the President of America encouraged women to work in the social sector. He brought many reforms to change the economic structure of America. It was due to the efforts of Roosevelt, America overcame its economic depression.