Social
Problems
I.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers:
1. The child labour is prohibited as per 24th
article of the constitution.
2. Child marriage prevention act was implemented in the year 1986.
3. A national policy was implemented in the year 1987 for the welfare of
child labour.
4. The law prohibiting female feticide was implemented in the year 1994.
5. The law protecting children from sexual crimes was implemented in year 2012.
II. Answer the following in a sentence:
1. Name any two social problems of India.
Ans: a) Problem of child labour b)
Harassment of women
2. Who are the child labourers?
Ans: Any children who are below 14 years and out of school are considered as
child labourers.
3. What is female feticide?
Ans: Female Feticide is an attempt to stop the natural growth of a female fetus
in the womb of a mother or aborting the fetus forcibly.
4. What is child marriage?
Ans: The marriage that takes place between a boy of below 21 years and a girl
who is below 18 years is child marriage.
5. What is gender discrimination?
Ans: Gender is a concept that is used to describe men and women. This denotes
not only the biological features of man or women, it includes the cultural,
behavioural and social layers of life. It includes the status of each in the
social hierarchy.
6. What is child trafficking?
Ans: If any human being below 18 years is employed, transferred, shifted,
sheltered, sent and owned with the intention of exploitation is called child
trafficking.
III. Discuss in groups and then answer the
following:
1. What are the reasons for child labour?
Explain.
Ans: Lack of social environment that
honours and protect Child rights is the main reason for child labour, child
marriage, human trafficking of children. The greedy owners who strive for less
wages and more work is the reason for child labour. Due to agricultural crisis
resulting out of drought and other reasons leads to the migration of families
to urban centers and children end up working in hotels, fire crackers
manufacturing units and other dangerous sectors which fall under unorganized
sector.
Failure to implement compulsory
and universal education has resulted in non-availability of education to all
children. This has further increased participation of children in labour.
Failure to implement land reforms act and minimum wages Act properly has
resulted in poor financial conditions of the families.
2. What are the effects of child Marriage?
Ans: The holistic development of children is stunted by child marriage and they
lose the power of questioning. As a result, violations like sexual assaults on
children become more and more increased. Many rights of children like
education, childhood, entertainment, interaction with friends continue to be
violated. Children fall into the trap of malnutrition, anemia, diseases,
abortions, infanticide and maternal mortality increases. The chance of girl
becoming a widow at a young age is also more and becomes a victim of violence
easily.
3. What are the measures to eradicate child
labour? Explain.
Ans: One of the major solutions for the problem of Child Labour is ensuring all
the children below 18 years to be in the schools. A holistic approach and
participation from all sections of the society is needed to ensure this situation.
Some are
a) Ensuring Gender equality always.
b) Stopping migration of helpless families
c) Creating awareness on child marriage and
human trafficking.
d) Ensuring better implementation of child
rights through Gram Panchayats.
4. What are the ill effects of female
feticide?
Ans: It affects the holistic development of children. Children are exposed to
physical, psychological and sexual exploitation. Many children become infected
with HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. They undergo unwanted
pregnancy, abortions, forced pregnancies, murders and drug addictions, and many
other unwanted developments take place in society.
5. What are the types of Gender
Discrimination?
Ans: Inequality in birth rate: In
patriarchal societies, preference is given for male child than the female
child. As a result, gender based feticide is a common practise is most of the
countries.
Inequality
in infrastructure: Many times, demographic facts would be
unfavourable to women but, discrimination gets expressed in a different ways.
Inequality
in opportunities: Though inequalities are not apparent in
basic education, it would be more apparent when it comes to higher education.
Inequality
in ownership: Inequality in the ownership is more evident
between men and women in societies.
Inequality
in family: Gender-based discrimination is evident in
family structure too.
6.
What are the ill effects of hunger?
Ans: a) India has a number of children who suffer from hunger and malnutrition.
b) India also has a considerable number of
underweight children.
c) If also has a relationship with infant
mortality rate child mobility rate fertility rate and economic development
rates. As per the national family health survey, 4 of 2011 women in Karnataka
rural areas have a body mass index.
d) 45.2% of pregnant women are suffering
from anemia.
e) Children who suffer from this sort of
anemia are from families that are below the poverty line.
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